An introduction to qualpalr
Johan Larsson
2023-09-12
Source:vignettes/introduction.Rmd
introduction.RmdOverview
qualpalr generates distinct qualitative color palettes,
primarily for use in R graphics. Given n (the number of
colors to generate), along with a subset in the hsl color space (a
cylindrical representation of the RGB color space) qualpalr
attempts to find the n colors in the provided color
subspace that maximize the smallest pairwise color difference.
This is done by projecting the color subset from the HSL color space to
the DIN99d space. DIN99d is (approximately) perceptually uniform, that
is, the euclidean distance between two colors in the space is
proportional to their perceived difference.
Examples
qualpalr relies on one basic function,
qualpal(), which takes as its input n (the
number of colors to generate) and colorspace, which can be
either
- a list of numeric vectors
h(hue from -360 to 360),s(saturation from 0 to 1), andl(lightness from 0 to 1), all of length 2, specifying a min and max. - a character vector specifying one of the predefined color subspaces, which at the time of writing are pretty, pretty_dark, rainbow, and pastels.
library(qualpalr)
pal <- qualpal(n = 5, list(h = c(0, 360), s = c(0.4, 0.6), l = c(0.5, 0.85)))
# Adapt the color space to deuteranomaly of severity 0.7
pal <- qualpal(n = 5, colorspace = "pretty", cvd = "deutan", cvd_severity = 0.7)The resulting object, pal, is a list with several color
tables and a distance matrix based on the DIN99d color difference
formula.
pal
#> ----------------------------------------
#> Colors in the HSL color space
#>
#> Hue Saturation Lightness
#> #DCC670 60 0.46 0.61
#> #5C70C8 248 0.48 0.60
#> #99867A 353 0.50 0.62
#> #D9DED5 151 0.48 0.83
#> #B2B6E0 280 0.48 0.78
#>
#> ----------------------------------------
#> DIN99d color difference distance matrix
#>
#> #DCC670 #5C70C8 #99867A #D9DED5
#> #5C70C8 29
#> #99867A 16 20
#> #D9DED5 15 24 17
#> #B2B6E0 23 15 17 15Methods for pairs and plot have been
written for qualpal objects to help visualize the
results.
# Multidimensional scaling plot
plot(pal)
# Pairs plot in the Lab color space
pairs(pal, colorspace = "DIN99d")
The colors are most easily used in R by accessing
pal$hex
Details
qualpal begins by generating a point cloud out of the
HSL color subspace provided by the user, using a quasi-random sobol
sequence from randtoolbox.
Here is the color subset in HSL with settings
h = c(-200, 120), s = c(0.3, 0.8), l = c(0.4, 0.9).
#> Warning in randtoolbox::sobol(1000, dim = 3, scrambling = 2): scrambling is
#> currently disabled.
The program then proceeds by projecting these colors into the sRGB space.
It then continues projecting the colors, first into the XYZ space, then CIELab (not shown here), and then finally the DIN99d space.
The DIN99d color space (Cui et al. 2002) is a euclidean, perceptually uniform color space. This means that the difference between two colors is equal to the euclidean distance between them. We take advantage of this by computing a distance matrix on all the colors in the subset, finding their pairwise color differences. We then apply a power transformation (Huang et al. 2015) to fine tune these differences.
To select the n colors that the user wanted, we proceed
greedily: first, we find the two most distant points, then we find the
third point that maximizes the minimum distance to the previously
selected points. This is repeated until n points are
selected. These points are then returned to the user; below is an
example using n = 5.
Thanks
Bruce Lindbloom’s webpage has been instrumental in making qualpalr. Thanks also to i want hue, which inspired me to make qualpalr.