Return predictions from models fit by SLOPE()
.
Usage
# S3 method for class 'SLOPE'
predict(object, x, alpha = NULL, type = "link", simplify = TRUE, sigma, ...)
# S3 method for class 'GaussianSLOPE'
predict(
object,
x,
sigma = NULL,
type = c("link", "response"),
simplify = TRUE,
...
)
# S3 method for class 'BinomialSLOPE'
predict(
object,
x,
sigma = NULL,
type = c("link", "response", "class"),
simplify = TRUE,
...
)
# S3 method for class 'PoissonSLOPE'
predict(
object,
x,
sigma = NULL,
type = c("link", "response"),
exact = FALSE,
simplify = TRUE,
...
)
# S3 method for class 'MultinomialSLOPE'
predict(
object,
x,
sigma = NULL,
type = c("link", "response", "class"),
exact = FALSE,
simplify = TRUE,
...
)
Arguments
- object
an object of class
"SLOPE"
, typically the result of a call toSLOPE()
- x
new data
- alpha
penalty parameter for SLOPE models; if
NULL
, the values used in the original fit will be used- type
type of prediction;
"link"
returns the linear predictors,"response"
returns the result of applying the link function, and"class"
returns class predictions.- simplify
if
TRUE
,base::drop()
will be called before returning the coefficients to drop extraneous dimensions- sigma
deprecated. Please use
alpha
instead.- ...
ignored and only here for method consistency
- exact
if
TRUE
and the given parameter values differ from those in the original fit, the model will be refit by callingstats::update()
on the object with the new parameters. IfFALSE
, the predicted values will be based on interpolated coefficients from the original penalty path.
See also
stats::predict()
, stats::predict.glm()
, coef.SLOPE()
Other SLOPE-methods:
coef.SLOPE()
,
deviance.SLOPE()
,
plot.SLOPE()
,
print.SLOPE()
,
score()
Examples
fit <- with(mtcars, SLOPE(cbind(mpg, hp), vs, family = "binomial"))
predict(fit, with(mtcars, cbind(mpg, hp)), type = "class")
#> [1] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [19] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [37] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [55] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [73] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [91] "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [109] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0"
#> [127] "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [145] "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [163] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [181] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [199] "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [217] "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "0"
#> [235] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [253] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [271] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [289] "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [307] "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1"
#> [325] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0"
#> [343] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1"
#> [361] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [379] "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [397] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0"
#> [415] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [433] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [451] "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [469] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1"
#> [487] "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [505] "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0"
#> [523] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [541] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [559] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [577] "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [595] "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1"
#> [613] "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0"
#> [631] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1"
#> [649] "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [667] "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0"
#> [685] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0"
#> [703] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [721] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [739] "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [757] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1"
#> [775] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [793] "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [811] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [829] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [847] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [865] "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [883] "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1"
#> [901] "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0"
#> [919] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1"
#> [937] "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [955] "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0"
#> [973] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0"
#> [991] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1009] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1027] "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1045] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1"
#> [1063] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1081] "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1099] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1117] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1135] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [1153] "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [1171] "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1189] "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0"
#> [1207] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1"
#> [1225] "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [1243] "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0"
#> [1261] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0"
#> [1279] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1297] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1315] "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1333] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1"
#> [1351] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1369] "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1387] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1405] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1423] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [1441] "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [1459] "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1477] "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0"
#> [1495] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1"
#> [1513] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [1531] "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1549] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0"
#> [1567] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1585] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1603] "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1621] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1"
#> [1639] "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1657] "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0"
#> [1675] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1693] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1711] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [1729] "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [1747] "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1765] "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0"
#> [1783] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1"
#> [1801] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [1819] "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1837] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0"
#> [1855] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1873] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1891] "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1909] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1"
#> [1927] "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1945] "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0"
#> [1963] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [1981] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [1999] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [2017] "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [2035] "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1"
#> [2053] "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0"
#> [2071] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1"
#> [2089] "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [2107] "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0"
#> [2125] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0"
#> [2143] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [2161] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [2179] "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [2197] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1"
#> [2215] "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [2233] "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0"
#> [2251] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [2269] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0"
#> [2287] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [2305] "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [2323] "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1"
#> [2341] "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0"
#> [2359] "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1"
#> [2377] "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1"
#> [2395] "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0"
#> [2413] "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0"
#> [2431] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0"
#> [2449] "0" "1" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [2467] "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "1" "1" "0" "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1"
#> [2485] "1" "0" "0" "0" "0" "1" "1" "1" "0" "0" "0" "1"